In one of the most significant milestones in the history of marijuana legislation, Los Angeles’ City Council recently released its proposed regulations governing commercial cannabis activity in the city. Simultaneously, the Department of City Planning released a draft ordinance proposing land use and sensitive use requirements for commercial cannabis activity in Los Angeles.
The releases mark the next step in the city’s effort to create a comprehensive framework for licensing and regulating cannabis businesses in the wake of recent voter-passed marijuana measures. Most notably, Proposition 64, known as the Adult Use of Marijuana Act (previously summarized in this Tracking Cannabis post), was passed by California voters in November 2016, legalizing recreational marijuana. The finalized requirements are expected to have a significant impact on local marijuana regulation throughout the state and across the country as lawmakers turn to Los Angles for guidance in establishing their own regulations.
L.A. City Council: ‘We need your help’
The release commenced a 60-day public comment period (ending on Aug. 8, 2017) during which time the City Council will refrain from taking any further action. City councilmembers urged residents, civic organizations and business groups to provide public comments and recommendations to the council.
“We need your help in coming up with a final version of these requirements and draft ordinance(s),” wrote City Council president Herb J. Wesson, Jr. and three other councilmembers in a letter attached to the proposed regulations, “and we are eager to receive your suggestions.”
The public comment period is mandated by Proposition M, which was passed by Los Angeles residents in March 2017 with more than 80 percent voter approval. The measure required City Council to convene public hearings and engage in a robust deliberative process prior to enacting marijuana regulations.
How we got here
In 2013, Los Angeles voters passed Proposition D (also known as the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Taxation Ordinance) which prohibited marijuana businesses in the city but granted to certain qualifying businesses a “limited immunity” from the enforcement of the prohibition. An estimated 135 medical dispensaries qualified for the limited immunity, while hundreds of other businesses opened and operated illegally.
Proposition M repealed Proposition D and authorized the City Council to create a new cannabis regulatory framework. The measure called for the adoption of a “comprehensive regulatory process and structure for all cannabis related activity by Sept. 30, 2017.” The proposed rules, released on June 8, 2017, are the most significant step in creating this framework and replacing the much maligned Proposition D. The release was praised by many advocates in the cannabis industry, including Virgil Grant, president and co-founder of the Southern California Coalition, who called it “a positive step towards fully licensing and regulating the cannabis industry in Los Angeles.”
Obtaining a certificate of compliance
Under the proposed framework, to legally conduct and engage in commercial cannabis activity, a business must first apply for and obtain a Certificate of Compliance from the city’s Cannabis Commission. Dispensaries operating legally under Proposition D and certain non-retail cannabis businesses are eligible to obtain a provisional certificate to continue operations while applications are being processed and reviewed.
Application requirements include:
- Disclosing detailed financial information about the applicant business and its owners.
- Providing a detailed plan for hiring local residents and transitional workers.
Entering into a labor peace agreement with employees (not required for businesses with fewer than 10 employees). - Obtaining a valid state license for Commercial Cannabis Activity.
- Describing how the business will meet track-and-trace, inventory, and other operational requirements.
- Providing a proposed community benefits agreement.
- Submitting to a pre-inspection of the premises, which may include inspection by agents of the Cannabis Department, Department of Building and Safety, Department of City Planning, Police Department, and Fire Department.
Application processing phases
The proposed regulations call for applications to be processed in four phases. Priority is awarded to existing medical marijuana dispensaries that have operated in compliance with Proposition D and to non-retail applicants, such as indoor cultivation businesses and manufacturing businesses that opened prior to Jan. 1, 2016.
Once these applicants are processed, the city will begin to issue Certificates of Compliance to the general public and to applicants under a Social Equity Program. Until the Social Equity Program is fully funded and implemented, as determined by the City Council, the number of certificates issued to the general public cannot exceed the number issued under the Social Equity Program.
The draft regulations provide little guidance on how Social Equity Program eligibility will be determined, other than describing the program’s mission and objective:
“[The Social Equity Program will] be based on a social equity analysis aimed at promoting equitable ownership and employment opportunities in the cannabis industry in order to decrease disparities in life outcomes for marginalized communities and to address the disproportionate impacts of the war on drugs in those communities.”
Automatic rejection
The draft regulations propose automatically rejecting certain applications, including those submitted by a foreign corporation or by a person employed by an agency that enforces and regulates cannabis. Additionally, individuals convicted for violating any wages or labor laws within the past five years will be automatically rejected.
Restrictions on retail cannabis businesses
Under the proposed regulations, retail cannabis businesses cannot:
- Sell alcohol or allow alcohol or marijuana consumption on the premises.
- Hold special events or parties on the premises.
- Provide free samples of cannabis goods.
- Display cannabis goods in a place visible outside the premises.
- Operate between the hours of 9 p.m. and 6 a.m.
- Sell cannabis through exterior openings, such as drive-through or walk-up windows.
- Provide any form of entertainment other than ambient music (the regulations specifically prohibit cannabis businesses from providing disc jockey, karaoke, dancing and adult entertainment).
Retail cannabis businesses will be required to:
- Lock all cannabis goods in a locked safe or vault at all times when the business is not open.
- Limit the amount of goods on display to the average amount of cannabis goods sold by the business during an average one-day period.
- Follow inventory tracking requirements, including the use of electronic track-and-trace systems and point-of-sale terminals.
- Maintain records of all financial transactions for seven years.
Delivery regulations
One of the most significant consequences of the proposed framework is the legalization of marijuana delivery in Los Angeles. Until now, the city has prohibited the delivery of marijuana and City Attorney Mike Feuer aggressively pursued delivery businesses, such as Nestdrop and Speed Weed, shutting down the Los Angeles operations of these companies.
The new regulations legalize cannabis delivery by licensed businesses that comply with delivery regulations, such as:
- Delivery cars must contain a dedicated GPS device (which can’t be a phone or tablet).
- Delivery employees cannot carry more than $3,000 (based on retail price) of cannabis goods at a time.
- Deliveries cannot be made outside of the boundaries of Los Angeles or to recipients on publicly owned land.
- Deliveries cannot be made by unmanned vehicles.
Cultivator and manufacturer regulations
The proposed regulations prohibit any business from engaging in outdoor cultivation or mixed light cultivation. Indoor cultivation businesses must comply with environmental rules and limitations on power use, among other requirements.
Manufacturers are prohibited from infusing marijuana into alcoholic beverages or products containing nicotine or caffeine. Cannabis juice, perishable bakery products, canned products, dairy products, meat products and seafood products are all banned as well. The regulations also prohibit manufacturing cannabis products by applying cannabinoid concentrate or extract to commercially available candy or snack food items.
Under the proposed rules, THC levels in manufactured products cannot exceed 10 mg per serving and 100 mg per package. Manufacturers, like all cannabis businesses, must install air filtration and ventilation systems to neutralize odors so that no odor is present beyond its exterior walls.
Proposed land use ordinance
The Department of City Planning’s proposed Commercial Cannabis Location Restriction Ordinance restricts the location of various types of commercial cannabis activity. The ordinance limits the areas where commercial cannabis activity is allowed and requires separation between cannabis retailers and sensitive sites, such as schools, parks and libraries.
According to the Department, one of the purposes of the ordinance is to reduce the negative impacts and secondary effects associated with commercial cannabis activity in Los Angeles, including “neighborhood disruption and intimidation caused in part by increased transient visitors, exposure of school-age children and other sensitive residents to cannabis, cannabis sales to minors, and violent crimes.”
The draft rules would restrict dispensary and retailer commercial cannabis activity to primarily commercial and manufacturing zones. Cannabis cultivation, manufacturing, testing and distribution activity would be primarily limited to the city’s manufacturing zones. Dispensaries and other retailers cannot, under the proposed ordinance, open within 800 feet of schools, public libraries, parks, drug and alcohol treatment facilities or other cannabis retailers. In connection with the proposed ordinance, the department released maps reflecting the areas in which cannabis retail and manufacturing/cultivation activities will be permitted.
What’s at stake?
As the largest city in California, where the cannabis industry (according to a recent study by the University of California Agricultural Issue Center at UC Davis) is predicted to become a $5 billion industry, Los Angeles has emerged at the forefront of marijuana policy and legislation. As municipalities throughout the state prepare to legalize sales of recreational cannabis under Proposition 64, industry experts predict that other cities in California will look to Los Angeles’ regulations as a basis for enacting their own laws.
Hezekiah Allen, president of the California Growers Association, said “robust local policies in Los Angeles are critical to the success of regulated cannabis in the entire state of California.” With Los Angeles’ City Council actively seeking public feedback for its proposed regulations, the ongoing public comment period marks a crucial time for the future of marijuana policy and legislation.